keratin

Keratin is a fibrous protein that is an essential component of skin, hair, nails, and the outer layer of other human and animal tissues. It plays a crucial role in providing the structural strength and protective function of these tissues. Keratin is known for its hardness and insolubility in water, making it an ideal material for the body's protective barrier.

Functions of keratin

Protection : Keratin offers protection against mechanical damage, heat, microbes and other environmental influences.
Waterproofing : It prevents excessive water loss from the body and keeps the skin hydrated.
Flexibility : In hair and nails, keratin provides structure and flexibility and protects against brittleness.

Types of keratin

There are two main types of keratin:

Alpha keratin : Found in mammals, it is a component of skin, hair, and nails. It is characterized by its helical structure, which provides high tensile strength.
Beta-keratin : Found in birds and reptiles, it forms the basis for feathers, claws, and scales. Beta-keratin is characterized by its beta-sheet structure and offers greater hardness than alpha-keratin.

Keratin in hair care and cosmetics

Keratin treatments : Popular for straightening hair and reducing frizz. These treatments penetrate the hair structure to replace damaged keratin and smooth the hair surface.
Keratin-containing products : Shampoos, conditioners and hair masks often contain keratin to strengthen the hair and add shine.

Health and nutrition

A balanced diet rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals supports keratin production and promotes healthy skin, hair, and nails. Sulfur-containing amino acids, such as cysteine, are particularly important for keratin synthesis.

Possible risks of keratin treatments

Some commercial keratin hair straightening treatments contain formaldehyde or formaldehyde-releasing substances, which can be harmful to health if overexposed. It is important to choose safe products and treatments and to exercise caution during application.

In summary, keratin is an essential protein that plays a key role in the structure and function of skin, hair, and nails. It provides protection and strength and is used in various cosmetic and therapeutic applications to improve the health and appearance of these tissues.