Androgens

Androgens are a group of steroid hormones that are primarily responsible for the development of male sexual characteristics, although they are found in different amounts in both men and women. testosterone is the best known and most studied androgen. Androgens play critical roles in a number of physical functions and developmental processes, including:

For men:

  • Development of the male sexual organs before birth
  • Onset of puberty and development of secondary sexual characteristics such as deepening of the voice, growth of facial and body hair, and changes in muscle mass and strength
  • Sperm production and maintenance of libido

For women:

  • Androgens are also present in women and are produced primarily in the ovaries and adrenal glands. They are present in lower quantities than in men and are involved in:
  • The regulation of the function of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
  • Maintaining muscle mass and bone strength
  • They may also affect libido.

Health effects and disorders

An imbalance in androgen levels can lead to various health problems:

  • In men, low testosterone levels (hypogonadism) can lead to symptoms such as reduced muscle mass, bone mass, libido, energy levels and erectile dysfunction.
  • In women, excess androgens can lead to symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including irregular menstrual cycles, increased body and facial hair ( hirsutism ), acne , and difficulty getting pregnant.

Treatment

Treatment for androgen imbalance depends on the underlying cause and specific symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy may be offered to men with low testosterone levels. For women with PCOS or other conditions associated with androgen excess, oral contraceptives, which reduce androgen production, or other medications such as spironolactone, which blocks the effects of androgens, may be prescribed.

It is important to see a doctor if you suspect a hormone imbalance for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Hormonal imbalances can have complex health implications and professional medical advice is crucial for effective management.

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