Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition characterized by redness, scaling, and sometimes itching, primarily in areas with a high density of sebaceous glands. These areas include the scalp, face (especially the nose, eyebrows, forehead, and ears), chest, and back. Seborrheic dermatitis can occur in people of any age, but it is most common in infants (known as cradle cap) and adults between 30 and 60 years old.
Causes and risk factors
The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is not fully understood, but several factors contribute to its development:
- Excessive sebum production : An important role is played by the excessive production of skin oil (sebum), which creates ideal conditions for the growth of certain yeast fungi of the genus Malassezia.
- Malassezia yeast fungi : These fungi are present on the skin of most people, but can cause inflammation in people with seborrheic dermatitis.
- Genetic predisposition : There are indications that there is a familial tendency towards the disease.
- Stress and general health : Stress, fatigue, and general health problems can worsen the symptoms.
- Climatic conditions : Cold and dry weather conditions can also worsen the symptoms.
- Certain medical conditions : People with neurological disorders (such as Parkinson's disease) and certain immune disorders are more prone to developing seborrheic dermatitis.
Symptoms
- Dandruff on the scalp : Often perceived as flakes, it can range from mild to severe.
- Red, scaly, greasy patches on the skin, especially on the face and scalp, but also in other areas rich in sebaceous glands.
- Itching : Can vary from mild to intense.
- In infants, the disease manifests as cradle cap, a mild form of scaling and redness on the scalp.
Treatment
The treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and reduce the frequency of relapses:
- Anti-dandruff shampoos : Contain active ingredients such as ketoconazole, tar, salicylic acid, zinc pyrithione or selenium , which work against the yeast fungus and reduce dandruff formation.
- Topical steroids : Can relieve inflammation and itching. However, they should only be used for short periods and under medical supervision.
- Antifungal creams : For the treatment of affected skin areas outside the scalp.
- Mild cleaning agents : Gentle cleaning can help avoid irritation.
prevention
Although there is no sure method to completely prevent seborrheic dermatitis, regular skin care, stress management and avoiding skin-irritating substances can help reduce the severity and frequency of outbreaks.
If symptoms persist or are severe, it is important to consult a dermatologist to receive appropriate treatment and advice.
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