The hair cortex, or cortex, is the main part of the hair shaft and lies between the outer layer, the Cuticle, and the inner core, which Medulla (if present). The cortex makes up the majority of hair volume and is responsible for the hair's strength, color, and texture. It consists mainly of long keratin-Protein fibers arranged parallel to the growth direction of the hair, and is interspersed with Melanin, the pigment that gives hair its color.
Functions of the hair cortex
- Strength and elasticity : The cortex gives the hair its structural integrity through the keratin protein fibers, which provide both strength and flexibility to the hair.
- Hair color : Hair color is determined by the type and amount of melanin in the cortex. There are two types of melanin: eumelanin (responsible for black and brown tones) and pheomelanin (responsible for red and blonde tones).
- Moisture regulation : The cortex also plays a role in regulating moisture in the hair, which affects the elasticity and overall appearance of the hair.
Damage to the hair cortex
The cortex can be damaged by a variety of external influences, including:
- Chemical treatments : Dyeing, bleaching and perming can alter the keratin structure of the cortex and weaken the hair.
- Heat styling : The use of hair dryers, straighteners and curling irons at high temperatures can damage the protein fibers in the cortex and lead to moisture loss.
- Environmental factors : UV radiation, salt water and chlorine can also damage the cortex and cause hair to bleach or become brittle.
Hair cortex care
To keep the hair cortex healthy, it is important to minimize damaging treatments and to care for the hair properly:
- Moisturizing products : Use shampoos, conditioners, and masks specifically designed to moisturize and nourish the hair.
- Heat protection : Use heat protection products to protect hair from damage caused by styling tools.
- Gentle treatment : Avoid aggressive brushing techniques and do not pull the hair unnecessarily tight to avoid mechanical damage.
- Regular haircuts : Regularly remove split ends to prevent damage from traveling further up the hair shaft .
With proper care and protective measures, the cortex can be strengthened, resulting in healthier, more resilient and shinier hair.
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