A trichogram is a microscopic examination method of hair used to assess the condition and health of hair growth. Hair samples are taken directly from the scalp to examine different growth phases of the hair, as well as abnormalities in hair structure and the hair cycle. This method is particularly useful in diagnosing hair loss disorders such as androgenetic alopecia Alopecia, Telogen effluvium and other forms of hair loss.
Performing a trichogram
- Sample collection : A small number of hairs (approximately 50-100) are typically pulled from specific areas of the scalp. These areas are selected to obtain a representative sample of hair growth activity.
- Preparation : The extracted hairs are prepared for microscopic examination, making the roots visible.
- Analysis : Under the microscope, the hair roots and shafts are examined for various characteristics, including the growth phase (anagen, catagen, telogen), the presence of structural abnormalities, and signs of hair shaft damage.
Hair growth phases
- Anagen phase : The active growth phase in which the hair grows continuously. A healthy trichogram shows a high proportion of anagen hairs.
- Catagen phase : A short transition phase in which hair growth stops and the hair follicle shrinks.
- Telogen phase : The resting phase after which the hair eventually falls out. An increased proportion of telogen hairs can indicate abnormal hair loss.
Diagnostic value
The trichogram can provide valuable information about the cause of hair loss and helps to differentiate between:
- Androgenetic alopecia : Characterized by an increased number of hairs in the telogen phase and a reduction in anagen hairs.
- Telogen effluvium : A temporary increase in the number of hairs in the telogen phase, often in response to stress, hormonal changes, or medication.
- Structural hair damage : breakage, split ends or other damage to the hair shaft .
Limitations
Although a trichogram can provide useful insights into the condition and health of the hair, it also has its limitations. It requires specialized knowledge and experience to perform and interpret, and it cannot diagnose all types of hair disorders. In some cases, additional tests such as blood tests or a scalp biopsy may be necessary to make a comprehensive diagnosis.
Overall, the trichogram is a useful tool in dermatology and Trichology, to assess and diagnose hair loss, and can help determine the most effective treatment for patients.
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