A trichogram is a microscopic examination method of hair used to evaluate the condition and health of hair growth. Hair samples are taken directly from the scalp to examine different phases of hair growth as well as abnormalities in the hair structure and hair cycle. This method is particularly useful in diagnosing hair loss disorders such as androgenetic Alopecia, telogen effluvium and other forms of hair loss.
Performing a trichogram
- Sampling : A small number of hairs (around 50-100) are typically sampled from specific areas of the scalp. These areas are selected to obtain a representative sample of hair growth activity.
- Preparation : The collected hairs are prepared for microscopic examination, during which the roots are visualized.
- Analysis : Under the microscope, the hair roots and shafts are examined for various characteristics, including the growth phase (anagen, catagen, telogen), the presence of structural abnormalities, and signs of hair shaft damage.
Hair growth phases
- Anagen phase : The active growth phase in which hair grows continuously. A healthy trichogram shows a high percentage of anagen hair.
- Catagen phase : A short transition phase in which hair growth stops and the hair follicle shrinks.
- Telogen phase : The resting phase after which hair eventually falls out. An increased amount of telogen hair can indicate abnormal hair loss.
Diagnostic value
The trichogram can provide valuable information about the cause of hair loss and helps differentiate between:
- Androgenetic alopecia : Characterized by an increased number of hairs in the telogen phase and a reduction in anagen hairs.
- Telogen effluvium : A temporary increase in the number of hairs in the telogen phase, often in response to stress, hormonal changes, or medications.
- Structural hair damage : Breakage, split ends, or other damage to the hair shaft .
Limitations
Although the trichogram can provide useful insight into hair condition and health, it also has its limitations. It requires special knowledge and experience to perform and interpret and cannot diagnose all types of hair diseases. In some cases, additional tests such as blood tests or a scalp biopsy may be necessary to make a comprehensive diagnosis.
Overall, the trichogram is a useful tool in dermatology and Trichologyto evaluate and diagnose hair loss and can help determine the most effective treatment for patients.
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