Pili trianguli

Pili trianguli et canaliculi, also known as uncombable hair syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by dry, frizzy, dull, and often light blonde hair that is nearly impossible to comb. Under a microscope, the hairs exhibit a characteristic triangular or heart-shaped appearance (pili trianguli) and a longitudinal ridged structure (canaliculi), distinguishing them from normal, round hair shafts.

Characteristics and symptoms

Hair structure : Affected individuals have hair characterized by an unusual shape, which contributes to its overall disheveled appearance. The hair is usually dry and straw-like.
Hair color : A silvery-blonde or straw-blonde hair color is frequently observed, although this is not the case for all affected individuals.
Combability : The hair is almost impossible to comb and tends to stand on end in all directions, making daily management difficult.

causes

The syndrome is caused by mutations in specific genes important for hair structure and development. It can be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that only one parent needs to carry the mutated gene to pass the condition on to their child. Research has linked mutations in several genes to the syndrome, including TCHH, PADI3, and TGM3, all of which play a role in hair structure formation.

diagnosis

The diagnosis is usually based on clinical assessment of hair characteristics, family history, and sometimes microscopic examination of hairs exhibiting the characteristic shape and structure. Genetic testing can also help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment and management

There is no specific cure for uncombable hair syndrome, but management focuses on hair care and handling to minimize discomfort:

Mild hair care products : Using mild shampoos and conditioners can help hydrate the hair and improve combability.
Avoiding hair damage : Heat styling, aggressive brushing and chemical treatments should be avoided to prevent additional damage to the hair.
Special care techniques : Gentle brushing with soft brushes and the use of detangling sprays can be helpful.

forecast

For many affected individuals, hair quality improves with age, and in some cases, the hair can even become healthier puberty or normalize in early adulthood. Although uncombable hair syndrome can be a challenge in daily life, it has no impact on overall health.