Photosensitizing drugs are substances that increase the skin's sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial light sources. This increased sensitivity can lead to more rapid burning of the skin, rashes, or other reactions, even after only brief exposure to sunlight. The reaction, often called a phototoxic or photoallergic reaction, depends on the type of medication and individual sensitivity.
mechanism
- Phototoxic reactions occur when the drug, after absorbing light energy, becomes a toxic product that directly damages skin cells. This can result in a reaction similar to a severe sunburn reaction, often within a few hours of sun exposure.
- Photoallergic reactions are less common and occur when UV radiation converts the drug into an antigen, which triggers an allergic reaction from the immune system. This reaction can be delayed and is more like eczema.
Examples of photosensitizing drugs
Medications and substances that can cause photosensitivity include:
- Certain antibiotics : Such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) : Such as ibuprofen and naproxen
- Diuretics : Such as hydrochlorothiazide
- Antipsychotics : Such as phenothiazines
- Antifungal agents : Such as voriconazole
- Retinoids : Both oral for acne and topically
- Heart medications : Such as amiodarone
- Chemotherapy drugs
Management and prevention
To prevent photosensitizing reactions, people taking such medications should take the following measures:
- Minimize sun exposure : Avoid direct sunlight, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when UV rays are at their strongest.
- Wear protective clothing : Long sleeves, pants, and wide-brimmed hats provide physical protection from UV rays.
- Use broad-spectrum sunscreen : A sunscreen with a high SPF (SPF 30 or higher) that blocks both UVA and UVB rays should be applied regularly.
- Avoid tanning beds : Artificial UV sources can cause similar reactions.
Important to note
Not every person who takes a photosensitizing medication will experience a skin reaction. Sensitivity may vary from person to person. If skin reactions occur, it is advisable to consult a doctor. The medication may need to be adjusted or replaced with an alternative substance. Always follow the advice of a healthcare provider and inform yourself about possible side effects of new medications.
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