Immune insufficiency, also known as immunodeficiency, is a condition in which the immune system's ability to fight infection and disease is impaired. This can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, which can be more frequent, more severe and longer lasting than in people with a normally functioning immune system. Immune deficiency can be either primary (congenital) or secondary (acquired).
Primary immune deficiencies are genetic and present from birth. They are the result of defects in the genes responsible for the development and function of the immune system. There are over 300 known types of primary immune deficiency, which can vary greatly in severity. Some examples include:
Secondary or acquired immune deficiency occurs as a result of external factors or diseases that affect the immune system. The causes include:
Symptoms of immune deficiency can be varied, depending on the cause and severity, and include frequent or difficult-to-treat infections, delayed recovery from illness, weight loss, and general fatigue. Treatment aims to address the cause of the immune deficiency, prevent or treat infections, and support the immune system. This may include the use of immunoglobulin therapies, antimicrobial medications, stem cell transplants, or changes in medication.
If there are signs of immune deficiency, it is important to seek medical help. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve quality of life and reduce the risk of serious complications.
