Immunodeficiency, also known as immunosuppression, refers to a condition in which the immune system's ability to fight infections and diseases is impaired. This can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, which may be more frequent, severe, and last longer than in people with a normally functioning immune system. Immunodeficiency can be either primary (congenital) or secondary (acquired).
Primary immunodeficiencies are genetically determined and present from birth. They result from defects in the genes responsible for the development and function of the immune system. There are over 300 known types of primary immunodeficiencies, which can vary greatly in severity. Some examples include:
Secondary or acquired immunodeficiencies arise as a consequence of external factors or diseases that impair the immune system. Causes include:
The symptoms of immunosuppression can be varied, depending on the cause and severity, and include frequent or difficult-to-treat infections, delayed recovery from illness, weight loss, and general fatigue. Treatment aims to address the underlying cause of the immunosuppression, prevent or treat infections, and support the immune system. This may involve the use of immunoglobulin therapy, antimicrobial drugs, stem cell transplantation, or medication adjustments.
If you experience signs of immunosuppression, it is important to seek medical help. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve quality of life and reduce the risk of serious complications.
