Hirsutism is a condition characterized by excessive growth of dark, coarse hair in women, following a male pattern. This can include facial hair growth (chin and upper lip), chest, abdomen, and back. Hirsutism is often a symptom of an underlying imbalance of the Hormones, in particular an excess of androgens, the male sex hormones, which are also present in small amounts in women.
causes
Hirsutism can be caused by various conditions, including:
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) : The most common cause, a hormonal disorder that leads to irregular menstrual cycles, cysts in the ovaries, and elevated androgen levels.
- Cushing's syndrome : A condition characterized by high cortisol levels in the body.
- Androgen-secreting tumors : Rare, but such tumors in the ovaries or adrenal glands can lead to high androgen levels.
- Adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) : A hereditary disorder that affects the production of cortisol and sometimes aldosterone, leading to an excess of androgens.
- Medications : Some medications can cause hirsutism as a side effect, including steroids and certain medications used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder.
Symptoms
In addition to unwanted hair growth, women with hirsutism may also experience other symptoms, depending on the underlying cause, such as:
- Acne or oily skin
- A deepening of the voice
- Clitoral enlargement
- Altered menstrual cycles
diagnosis
The diagnosis of hirsutism typically includes:
- A thorough medical history and physical examination
- Blood tests to measure hormone levels
- Imaging techniques such as ultrasound or MRI are used to look for ovarian or adrenal tumors
Treatment
The treatment aims to address the underlying cause of hirsutism and manage the symptoms:
- Drug therapy : Oral contraceptives (the pill) can help regulate hormone levels. Antiandrogen medications such as spironolactone can block the effects of androgens.
- Hair removal and hair bleaching methods : These include mechanical methods (shaving, plucking ), chemical depilatories, laser hair removal and electrolysis.
- Lifestyle changes : For women with PCOS, weight loss can help alleviate symptoms.
Important considerations
Hirsutism can be emotionally distressing and affect self-esteem. It is important that affected women receive appropriate medical and psychological support. Open communication with a healthcare provider about the best treatment options and strategies is crucial for improving quality of life.
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