Herpes infection

Herpes infections are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and manifest in two main types: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). HSV-1 is usually responsible for oral herpes infections, commonly known as cold sores or herpes labialis, while HSV-2 primarily causes genital herpes infections. However, both types can cause infections in any area of ​​the body and are transmitted through direct contact with herpes lesions, saliva, or other bodily fluids.

Symptoms

• Oral herpes infection (HSV-1) : Symptoms include painful blisters or sores on the lips, in the mouth, or on the face. Some people may also experience fever, swollen lymph nodes, and general malaise.
• Genital herpes (HSV-2) : Symptoms include painful blisters or sores in the genital area, pain when urinating, vaginal or penile discharge, and swollen lymph nodes in the groin. As with oral herpes, general malaise and fever may occur.

transmission

• Herpes is transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact, including kissing or sexual contact. HSV-1 can also be transmitted through the sharing of items such as lip balm or cutlery if these are contaminated with the virus.
• Genital herpes (HSV-2) is mainly transmitted through sexual contact.

Treatment

While there is no cure for herpes, antiviral medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir can be used to reduce the severity and frequency of outbreaks. These medications can be used as an episodic treatment when symptoms occur or as daily suppressive therapy to reduce the risk of transmission.

Prevention

• Avoid direct contact with herpes lesions.
• Use of barrier methods such as condoms during sexual intercourse, although these do not offer complete protection, as the virus can also be transmitted in areas not covered by condoms.
• People with oral herpes should avoid intimate contact when they have active blisters or sores.

Important to note

Many people with HSV-1 or HSV-2 experience mild symptoms or are unaware of their infection, but can still transmit the virus to others. Open communication with partners about herpes and sexual health, as well as regular checkups, can help minimize the risk of transmission. Herpes can lead to more serious complications in people with weakened immune systems, and pregnant women with genital herpes should inform their doctor to manage the risk of transmission to the newborn.