herpes infection

Herpes infections are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and manifest in two main types: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). HSV-1 is typically responsible for oral herpes infections, often known as cold sores or herpes labialis, while HSV-2 primarily causes genital herpes infections. However, both types can cause infections in any area of ​​the body and can be transmitted through direct contact with herpes lesions, saliva, or body fluids.

Symptoms

• Oral herpes infection (HSV-1) : Symptoms include painful blisters or ulcers on the lips, mouth, or facial area. Some people may also experience fever, swollen lymph nodes, and general malaise.
• Genital herpes (HSV-2) : Symptoms include painful sores or ulcers in the genital area, pain when urinating, vaginal or penile discharge, and swollen lymph nodes in the groin. As with oral herpes, general malaise and fever may occur.

transmission

• Herpes is spread through direct skin-to-skin contact, including kissing or sexual contact. HSV-1 can also be transmitted through sharing items such as lip balm or cutlery if they are contaminated with the virus.
• Genital herpes (HSV-2) is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.

Treatment

While there is no cure for herpes, antiviral medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir can be used to reduce the severity and frequency of outbreaks. These medications can be used as episodic treatment when symptoms occur or as daily suppressive therapy to reduce the risk of transmission.

Prevention

• Avoiding direct contact with herpes lesions.
• Using barrier methods such as condoms during sexual intercourse, although these do not provide complete protection as the virus can also be transmitted in areas not covered by condoms.
• People with oral herpes should avoid intimate contact if they have active blisters or ulcers.

Important to note

Many people with HSV-1 or HSV-2 experience mild symptoms or are unaware of their infection, but they can still spread the virus to others. Having an open dialogue with partners about herpes and sexual health, as well as regular checkups, can help minimize the risk of transmission. Herpes can cause more serious complications in people with weakened immune systems, and pregnant women with genital herpes should inform their doctor to manage the risk of transmission to the newborn.