Estrogens are a group of steroid hormones that play a crucial role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and in the formation of secondary sexual characteristics. However, they are not found exclusively in women; estrogens are also produced in the male body, albeit in significantly smaller quantities.
Main types of estrogens
The three most important natural estrogens in the human body are:
- Estradiol : The most abundant and biologically active estrogen. Estradiol concentrations are highest in women of childbearing age and play a central role in regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining pregnancy.
- Estrone : Is mainly found after menopause and is the predominant estrogen in postmenopausal women.
- Estriol : The concentration of this hormone increases significantly during pregnancy and plays an important role in maintaining the pregnancy.
Functions of estrogens
- Reproduction : Estrogens regulate the menstrual cycle and are important for the development of the uterus, fallopian tubes and vagina.
- Bone health : They contribute to maintaining bone density and protect against osteoporosis.
- Cardiovascular system : Estrogens have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system by influencing cholesterol levels and increasing the elasticity of blood vessels.
- Skin and hair : They influence skin condition by contributing to the maintenance of skin moisture and elasticity and play a role in hair growth.
- Mood and cognitive functions : Estrogens can influence mood and have a protective effect on the brain, making them interesting for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
estrogen imbalance
An imbalance in estrogen levels can lead to various health problems, including:
- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and menstrual disorders
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- infertility
- osteoporosis
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Certain types of cancer , such as breast and endometrial cancer
Treatment with estrogens
Hormone replacement therapy containing estrogen is often used to treat menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, as well as to prevent osteoporosis. However, the use of estrogen must be carefully considered, as it can also increase the risk of certain diseases.
It is important that women considering hormone replacement therapy receive comprehensive advice from a doctor to understand the advantages and disadvantages of this treatment and to make an informed decision.
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